Michael Brecher
A Century of Crisis and Conflict in the International System
Theory and Evidence: Intellectual Odyssey III
Paperback Engels 2018 9783319860909
Verwachte levertijd ongeveer 9 werkdagen
Samenvatting
This book is designed to present a fully developed theory of international crisis and conflict, along with substantial evidence of these two closely related phenomena. The book begins with a discussion of these topics at a theoretical level, defining and elaborating on core concepts: international crisis, interstate conflict, severity, and impact. This is followed by a discussion of the international system, along with two significant illustrations, the Berlin Blockade crisis (1948) and the India-Pakistan crisis over Kashmir (1965-66). The book then presents a unified model of crisis, focusing on the four phases of an international crisis, which incorporate the four periods of foreign policy crises for individual states. Findings from thirteen conflicts representing six regional clusters are then analyzed, concluding with a set of hypotheses and evidence on conflict onset, persistence, and resolution.
Specificaties
ISBN13:9783319860909
Taal:Engels
Bindwijze:paperback
Uitgever:Springer International Publishing
Lezersrecensies
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Inhoudsopgave
1. Multiple Paths to Knowledge<div><br></div><div><div><div>A. INTERNATIONAL CRISIS BEHAVIOR (ICB) PROJECT: OVERVIEW</div><div>Origins </div><div>Colleagues, Coders and Advisers </div><div>Rationale and Methods </div><div>Objectives </div><div>Formative Publications (1977-1980) </div><div>Case Studies – Qualitative Analysis </div><div>Data Sets and Aggregate Analysis</div><div><br></div><div>B. MILLENNIAL REFLECTIONS ON CRISIS AND CONFLICT</div><div>Advocates and Critics</div><div>Rationale</div><div>Diversity in International Studies</div><div><br></div><div>C. INTELLECTUAL ODYSSEY: PHASES, THEMES, CONCEPTS </div><div>Phases and Themes</div><div> Political Leadership and Charisma (Odyssey I)</div><div> Dynamics of the Arab/Israel Conflict (Odyssey II)</div><div> Interstate Crises and Conflicts (Odyssey III) </div><div>Concepts </div><div> Subordinate State System</div><div> Foreign Policy System</div><div> International System</div><div> Foreign Policy Crisis</div><div> International Crisis</div><div> Unified Model of Crisis</div><div> Crisis Severity</div><div> Crisis Impact</div><div> Protracted Conflict</div><div> Polycentrism</div></div><div><br></div>2. Theory I: Core Concepts and Systems<div><div><br></div><div>A. CORE CONCEPTS</div><div>International Crisis and Protracted Conflict</div><div>Severity and Impact</div><div><br><div>B. SYSTEM AND CRISIS</div><div>International System</div><div>Systemic Crisis</div><div>Berlin Blockade Crisis 1948-49</div><div>India/Pakistan Crisis over Kashmir 1965-66</div><div>Severity and Impact </div><div>Unit-System Linkages</div><div><br></div></div><div>3. Theory II: Unified Model of Crisis (UMC) and the ICB Framework</div><div><br></div><div><div>A. UNIFIED MODEL OF CRISIS</div><div>Conceptual Guidelines: Overview </div><div>Onset Phase--Pre-Crisis Period: Hypotheses on Onset; Crisis Onset Model Escalation Phase--Crisis Period: Hypotheses on Escalation </div><div>De-Escalation Phase--End Crisis Period: Hypotheses on De-Escalation</div><div>Impact Phase--Post-Crisis Period: Hypotheses on Impact</div><div><br></div><div>B. CHANGES IN ICB STRUCTURE</div><div>Recent Additions to Crisis-Conflict Project</div><div>Overview of Findings </div></div><div><br></div></div>4. General Findings: Foreign Policy Crises<div><br></div><div><div><div>Dataset: 29 Cases</div><div>Context Dimensions </div><div>Methodology in Case Studies: An Unresolved Debate</div><div>General Findings on Attributes of Foreign Policy Crises: </div><div> Trigger </div><div> Triggering Entity </div><div> Duration </div><div> Decisions </div><div> Decision-Makers </div><div> Attitudinal Prism </div><div> Values </div><div>Findings on Coping: Crisis Management</div><div> Information Processing</div><div> Consultation</div><div> Decisional Forum</div><div> Search for, and Consideration of, Alternatives</div><div>Findings on System Structures</div><div> Multipolarity </div><div> Bipolarity </div><div> Bipolycentrism</div><div> Unipolycentrism</div><div>Coping with Foreign Policy Crises: New Evidence Confronts Conventional Wisdom Hypotheses on Effects of Time and Impact of Stress</div><div> Cognitive Dimension </div><div> Decisional Dimension </div><div> Shared Response to Stress </div><div>Explanation – Commonality in Coping with High Stress </div><div>Stress-Behavior Relationship: Evidence from 29 Foreign Policy Crises </div><div>Test of Neo-Realism: Evidence from 29 Foreign Policy Crises</div></div><div><br></div></div>5. Theory III: Interstate Conflicts<br></div><div><div><div>Conflict Resolution Model </div><div>Basic Causes of Conflict Resolution</div><div> Collective Exhaustion</div><div> Changes in Balance of Capability</div><div> Domestic Pressures for Conflict Resolution External Pressures for Conflict Resolution </div><div> Reduction in Discordant Objectives </div><div> Reduction in Conflict-Sustaining Acts</div><div>Perceptual Calculus</div><div>Catalyst</div><div>Hypotheses on Conflict Resolution</div></div><div><br></div></div><div>6. Select Case Study Findings on Interstate Conflict: Africa and Americas</div><div><br></div><div><div>A. AFRICA</div><div>Chad/Libya </div><div>Ethiopia/Somalia</div><div>Western Sahara </div><div><br></div><div>B. AMERICAS</div><div>Costa Rica/Nicaragua<div><br></div></div></div><div>7. Select Case Study Findings on Interstate Conflict: Asia</div><div><br></div><div><div>Afghanistan/Pakistan </div><div>China/Vietnam</div><div><br></div><div>8. Select Case Study Findings on Interstate Conflict: Europe and the Middle East</div><br></div><div><div>A. EUROPE</div><div>Finland/Russia-USSR</div><div>Poland/Russia-USSR</div><div><br></div><div>B. MIDDLE EAST </div><div>Iran/Iraq</div></div><div><br></div><div>9. Select Case Study Findings on Interstate Conflict: Inter-Region</div><div><br></div><div>Georgia/Russia-USSR</div><div>Inter-Korea </div><div>North Vietnam/U.S. </div><div>Taiwan Strait</div><div><br></div><div>10. What Have We Learned about Interstate Conflict?</div><div><br></div><div><div>Hypotheses and Evidence on Conflict Onset </div><div>Hypotheses and Evidence on Conflict Persistence </div><div>Hypotheses and Evidence on Conflict Resolution<div><br>11. Critique of International Studies</div><div><br></div><div><div>A. SHORTCOMINGS</div><div>Intolerance of Competing Paradigms, Models, Methods, Findings </div><div>Closed-Mind Mentality</div><div>Tendency to Research Fashions Retreat from Science in IR, IS, WP</div><div>Low Value placed on Cumulation of Knowledge</div><div></div><div>B. FLAWED DICHOTOMIES<div>Theory vs. History as Approaches to Knowledge<div>Deductive vs. Inductive Paths to Theory </div><div>Horizontal (breadth) vs. Vertical (depth) Focus of Inquiry </div><div>Aggregate Data vs. Case Study Methods of Analysis </div><div>Large ‘N’ vs. Small ‘N’ clusters of data </div><div>System vs. Actor as the optimal Level of Analysis </div><div>Rational Calculus vs. Psychological Constraints on choice and the related divide (Reality vs. Perceptions as key to explain state behavior) Neo-Realism vs. Neo-Institutionalism or Constructivism as the correct Paradigm for the Study of World Politics </div><div><br></div><div>C. FINAL WORDS</div></div></div></div></div>
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